by Nafiz Ayoub Ali Ahmad and Abdelrahim.M. Zabadi
Original Research
The situation in public and private education in Palestine changed in 5 march from 2020, when the first case of HIV infection was detected Human Immunization COVID-19, and rose to (14, 875) local case and more than The Coronavirus Cases all over the word was 19,713,999 cases worldwide, by August, 11, 2020. Palestine became one of 188 countries around the world that suspended the education process. This study presents a proposal for the transition process to online education in Palestinian kindergartens during the coronavirus (COVID-19), as well studies the various available extant literature of platforms and indicates those that were applied in other countries around the world , such as the online portal, TV Schools, Microsoft teams for government schools, and alternatives like Zoom, Slack, Google meet, the Edu page that can be used for online education and direct communication and presents examples of its usage. The researchers conducted a case study on (200) students in private Al - Ameen kindergarten in Salfeet governorate / Palestine in which Google Meet platform for online education was implemented that shows the usage statistics generated by the system for two weeks of the online education. Initial results confirmed the successful transition to an online education model, the experience gained can be utilized in the future and researches can be beneficial for other countries that have not yet so far found methods to transition. The lessons learned from the 2020 pandemic (COVID - 2019) will impose a set of laws, regulations, platforms and new solutions in all fields and lifestyles including education in the future when countries, governments and people are more prepared than they are today. Thus, this study is only a modest attempt by researchers in this field.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 600-608. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-13
Pub. Date: August 28, 2020
727 Views375 Downloads
by David Kani Olema, Dennis Zami Atibuni and Elizabeth Birabwa
Original Research
This quantitative cross-sectional survey examined the moderation effect of the quality of supervision on the adequacy of preparation for SP - performance in SP among 184 (98 second year and 84 third year) student teachers at Busitema University. Findings revealed high adequacy of preparation (M = 103.02, SD = 13.17), high quality of supervision (M = 37.13, SD = 6.19), and high level of performance (M = 43.16, SD = 4.75) in SP. The quality of supervision was a significant moderator of the preparation—performance link, R2 = .0136, F (7, 176) = 3.767, b = .006, t (176) = - 1.941, p = .05. The findings imply need for tagging SP preparation and supervision to student teachers’ performance.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 593-599. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-12
Pub. Date: August 28, 2020
546 Views302 Downloads
by Mohammed Issah and Awaisu Imurana Braimah
Original Research
The purpose of the study was to examine pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward research. The study used a cross-sectional survey approach. Data was collected online using Attitude to Research measure. Data was collected from pre-service teachers who completed a course in action research in their last semester. A total of 76 pre-service teachers completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Students (SPSS). The study found that majority of the pre-service teachers have positive attitudes towards research. All five subscales (research usefulness for profession, research anxiety, positive attitudes towards research, relevance to life, research difficulty) of the Attitudes to Research (ATR) scale are related. However, the strongest relationship was found between the usefulness of research for the teaching profession and positive attitudes to research. Faculty teaching research methods must adopt strategies that improve the attitudes of pre-service teachers to research.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 587-592. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-11
Pub. Date: August 23, 2020
708 Views426 Downloads1 Likes
by Douglas Ayega
Original Research
The current outbreak of COVID19 has reflected unanticipated dynamics in the learning programs and a shift in the delivery of learning both in developed and developing countries. It has also depicted the existence of limited preparedness in most countries to confront the effects of global pandemics, especially in teaching and learning. The COVID19 pandemic has occasioned significant negative effects in the learning systems, a factor which calls for long term measures to ensure that the educational programs should not or never be severely disrupted during pandemics. The overall objective of learning programs during disease outbreaks is to ensure that the transmissibility of the disease pathogen is curtailed within the population and continuity of learning. This will subsequently enrich a healthy learning environment that will promote the achievement of the intended goals and learning outcomes. This study intends to investigate the impacts of pandemics in primary and secondary school learning in Sub-Saharan Africa countries, technological preparedness in schools, and suggest remedial measures.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 581-586. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-10
Pub. Date: August 21, 2020
893 Views527 Downloads2 Likes
by Evelyn Philip and Fazilah Razali
Literature Review
This paper discusses the teaching approaches used in the field of education in an outdoor experiential learning environment combined with digital technology. The history to this paper's thesis indicates that experiential outdoor learning is one of the teaching methods popularized since the 19th century. With technological advancement, the outdoor experiential learning, has drawn the attention of educators towards computerized technology. However, the experience of learning outdoors may either be a challenge or an advantage when computerized technology is applied to outdoor learning. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework which can help educators to consider computerized technology embedded in an outdoor experiential learning. The methodologies for this paper include fifty peer-reviewed papers, fourteen book chapters, five conference papers, four conference proceedings, and five magazine articles. This study’s main findings suggest the discussion of three primary words in the conceptual context of DTOEL that are pedagogical factors, affordances and implications of the decision. This paper reaches the conclusion that computerized technology can lessen the experience of learning outdoor, but on the hindsight, this method of learning in the outdoors provides opportunities for learning development. With regards to the contribution to the research field, the DTOEL system serves to guide facilitators to make educated choice to utilize digital technology for outdoor experiential learning.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 573-580. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-9
Pub. Date: August 20, 2020
235 Views171 Downloads
by M. Felicia Cavallini and David J. Dyck
Mini Review
The positive benefits of physical activity (PA) have long been substantiated and widely accepted by the public but unfortunately, most American, and Canadian adults still do not meet the US and Canada PA guidelines. With only 27% of high school students adhering to these guidelines, PA levels tend to decline during the late adolescent years into college. What intervention strategies can be incorporated into the campus culture that will not only increase PA levels in school, but increase the likelihood of adhering to higher levels of PA long after graduation into adulthood? A two-phase, mixed methodology focus group study was recently completed to explore preferences, associations, perceptions, and top motivators to PA. In phase one, facilitated group discussions were conducted with 234 participants from 13 diverse groups in Southern Ontario and 175 participants from 13 groups in South Carolina. Questions were asked regarding the participants’ preferences to meet PA guidelines, views on lifestyle PA versus traditional PA, and top motivators to PA. Based on the feedback from phase one, a survey (phase two) was designed and administrated to participants from the same community groups in Guelph and South Carolina. Among the 18-34-year-old participants, the overwhelming majority of both male and female respondents from both Southern Ontario and South Carolina indicated a preference for lifestyle PA, agree that exercise is a stress reliever, feel “happy and feel like I’ve accomplished something afterwards” but see exercise as planned, structured, regimented, routine, repetitive. “Feeling good and happier afterwards, better health, losing and maintaining my weight, appearance, and seeing the rewards physically were the top PA motivators. Specific intervention strategies are provided to improve PA levels in college emphasizing the need to focus on lifestyle PA opportunities for college students to embrace and experience both in college, and for the rest of their lives.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 567-572. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-8
Pub. Date: August 20, 2020
578 Views362 Downloads
by Augustine M. Kara and Lucy M. Kithu
Original Research
This study examined the relationship between education attainment of head of household and household food security in Yatta Sub - County, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The target population was 19,349 households. A stratified random sample of 378 households was used in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire whose return rate was 81.0%. Majority (55.9%) of the households were headed by a male. Most (93.3%) of the heads of the households had formal schooling. Though a high proportion (56.4%) of the households were farmers, majority (53.3%) purchased food from the market. Most (63.5%) of the households were severely food insecure with hunger. It was found that the level of education attainment of head of household and level of food security were significantly related (x2= 84.495; df = 9; p= 0.000). As the education attainment of the head of household increased, the level of household food security also improved. However, it was observed that basic education graduates (primary and secondary education) were struggling to ensure household food security. This was partly explained by skills mismatch that hampered transition from learning to earning, negative attitudes towards informal employment and agriculture, lack of information on careers and job prospects and lack of capital to venture into enterprise creation. The study recommends that the Government should sustain efforts to provide free primary education, free tuition in secondary schools and improved access to postsecondary education considering that advanced levels of education attainment make a difference in households’ food security. Further, there is need for interventions to mitigate skills gap among the basic education graduates. Such interventions include training programmes for out of school adults to increase their adaptability and flexibility to realities of the formal and informal employment sectors including agriculture which is the main source of employment in rural areas.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 558-566. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-7
Pub. Date: August 18, 2020
739 Views489 Downloads
by Nguyen Anh Tuan
Original Research
The top of most educational agendas are criteria and competence that the teaching staff should be qualified in the context of educationally radical and comprehensive change. This paper introduces and analyses an overview of studies in competence for teaching staff in primary teachers. The author reviews current studies to examine why competence are becoming more important than ever. The findings revealed that the teaching staff of the primary educational sector is being significantly influenced by this tendency. In a short time, these changes may not be the most effective way to improve the quality of this staff and then they can make more contributions to education if other relevant factors are not consistently considered and associated with.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 552-557. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-6
Pub. Date: August 17, 2020
491 Views296 Downloads
by María Teresa Cortés Gutiérrez, Mariana Fouilloux Morales, Beatriz Zamora López, Rocío García Durán, Christopher García Pineda and Ileana Petra Micu
Original Research
In response to the health care demands of an ever-changing society, medical schools have included personal development and growth in their curriculum as an essential competency in the training process of their students. The objective of this research was to investigate the development and personal growth using eleven scales of 103 medical students, during their school years starting in their second year till their internship. Descriptive, comparative and correlation analyses were performed. During the study, high scores were observed, although not necessarily the highest of each of the next scales: positive outlook of life, self-esteem, emotional self-knowledge, commitment, creativity, self-confidence, assertiveness and leadership, teamwork and social skills; as well as regular scores in resilience, empathy, self-criticism and heterocriticism. In addition, there were differences between the positive life perspective scores obtained by the students in fifth (=17.39, SD ±2.75) and seventh semester (=17.06, SD ±2.49), with an adjusted p of .044; as well as between the empathy scores obtained by males in the second year (.8.97, SD 1.94) and internship (=9.95, SD ±1.45), with adjusted p of .048. Women scored lower than men, with p<.05, in resilience (in fifth semester), self-confidence (fifth semester and internship), self-criticism and heterocriticism (internship), assertiveness and leadership (internship). Among most scales, statistically significant associations were found, from moderate to high; except in the case of emotional self-knowledge, where some correlations were low. To promote the development and personal growth of students, it is necessary to implement strategies that can be worked simultaneously during the learning process of the different subjects of the curriculum as part of the integral training of the students, which is expected to impact not only their academic performance but also their future professional and personal life.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 543-551. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-5
Pub. Date: August 16, 2020
647 Views447 Downloads
by Sekinat Olajumoke Owoyemi, Obioma Chukwudi Uchendu and Olayide Olubunmi Olabumuyi
Original Research
BACKGROUND: The professional role of primary school teachers in school-based programs makes them important stakeholders in child sexual abuse prevention. OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of primary school teachers on primary prevention of child sexual abuse in Agege Local Government Area of Lagos State. METHODS: Cross-sectional design that utilized a two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select 463 public primary school teachers in Agege Local Government of Lagos State. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on respondents’ socio-demographic profile, knowledge, attitude and practices on primary prevention of child sexual abuse. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were done. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The mean age of the teachers was 46.4±6.5 years and the majority (70.8%) were females. Adequate knowledge of primary prevention of child sexual abuse was found among 14.3% of respondents. 12.7% had a positive attitude towards primary prevention of child sexual abuse and good practice on primary prevention of child sexual abuse was found among 82.5% of the teachers. The male teachers were found to be about 2 times more likely to have adequate knowledge compared to female teachers (OR 1.9; 95% CI= 1.05-3.73) and were about 4 times more likely to have a good practice on primary prevention of child sexual abuse (OR 3.5; 95% CI= 1.71 - 6.97). CONCLUSION: The knowledge and attitude of primary teachers on the primary prevention of child sexual abuse in Lagos State was low.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 536-542. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-4
Pub. Date: August 14, 2020
599 Views384 Downloads
by Marina Kougiourouki and Zinovia Masali
Original Research
This research investigates the future teachers’ views regarding the communication that they developed while working in a team that aimed at implementing a certain project. More specifically, views are being recorded on a) the frequency of meetings of team members during the implementation of the project they undertook, b) the framework of oral communication and the manner in which it was concluded c) the emotions that they experienced during their meetings and d) their behavior during the meetings and the discussions with their fellow-students. The tool for this research was the anonymous written questionnaire, which was completed by future teachers of the Department of Primary Education of Democritus University of Thrace after the completion of a team project in ten scheduled weekly meetings. The results demonstrate that the students - during the implementation of the project that they undertook - would meet with the other team members on a regular basis. During those meetings, they would behave responsibly, would act encouragingly towards team members and would seek to promote cooperation. They would discuss based on a very specific and clear set of targets, focused on predetermined subject matter, while their discussions would often be concluded in a friendly atmosphere or at least in consent.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 531-535. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-3
Pub. Date: August 12, 2020
487 Views278 Downloads1 Likes
by Kathy Ogundokun and Christine Hamel
Review Article
Identifying students¡¯ perception of accessibility to academic accommodations within post-secondary education is vital for disability service providers in the United States and Canada. This systematic review is an in-depth synthesis of 25 literature published since 2010, utilizing the EPPI reviewer 4 in incorporating data to highlight the context of academic accommodation provisions in these two countries. The author found that with increasing inclusive education advocacy, the surge in the enrollment of students with disabilities in post-secondary institutions calls for a holistic approach to identifying the achievement gaps between these students and their non-disabled peers. Students¡¯ experiences are influenced by several factors, most of which are not directly evolving from the student themselves. Stakeholders such as their instructors, legislators, their academic communities, and the office of disability services contribute to these experiences. Therefore, a pragmatic approach with students¡¯ expert contributions based on their needs will benefit the process.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 524-530. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-2
Pub. Date: August 07, 2020
535 Views369 Downloads
by Clara Mwanangombe, Kasonde Mundende, Kenneth K. Muzata, Gistered Muleya, Vincent Kanyamuna and Francis Simui
Original Research
In a Christian value-loaded country like Zambia, sexuality education of adolescents is suppressed especially among girls and boys in schools. Given the globalization influence pervading every sector today, this study explored the status of contraceptives utilization among the Adolescents in secondary schools in Chongwe, Zambia. The study rids on a case study to generate evidence on the contraceptives utilization among Adolescents within secondary schools in Chongwe district. The objectives of this study were to explore the use of contraceptives by the school going adolescents in secondary schools, to describe the types of contraceptives used by the school going adolescents in secondary schools, to describe negative and positive effect of contraceptives use by adolescents in secondary schools. Data was generated from a total sample of 60 participants. The main findings of this research were that most of the girls had knowledge about contraceptives and were actually using them mostly to prevent unwanted pregnancies and not having monthly periods. Nearly all the girls were in favour of injectable contraceptives as compared to other ones. Furthermore, girls indicated that contraceptives had both positive and negative side effects such as good flow of monthly periods, delayed pregnancies on positive part as well as abnormal weight gain, blood clots, reduced libido and headaches as negative effects. Therefore, this study concludes that contraceptives have contributed to girls finishing their Secondary education and there is drastic reduction in pregnancies among school girls. Thus, among others, it is recommended that Schools mentor girls on how to concentrate on education to realise their full potential and expose a lot of role models so that school going girls do not put sexual relations as priority.
American Journal of Educational Research. 2020, 8(8), 513-523. DOI: 10.12691/education-8-8-1
Pub. Date: August 03, 2020
672 Views422 Downloads1 Likes